Sebastian O - Grant Morrison

“Sebastian O’s name is a byword for perversity in the elite circles of London high society” (from the Chronology of Sebastian O), but how do you define perversity in Victorian Ages? After all this was a time in which most sexual practices were considered “perversities”. Victorian morality can be seen as the perfect synonym for sexual repression, and even Freud suggested that modern society’s neurosis was a consequence of these rigid and stern traditions.

Nonetheless, according to Michel Foucault, sex was exhaustively discussed and studied in the Victorian Age, sex was a force that needed to be disciplined. Sexual pathologies didn’t exist previously… it is during this era that someone describes every sexual practice and decides that some are normal and others abnormal and thus abhorrent. Unfairly accused of depravity, many people suffered because of this, including famed writer Oscar Wilde, which is the inspiration behind the fictional character of Sebastian O, a riveting metaphor of the sublimity of art.

Friedrich Nietzsche wrote once that art must lead the way to the future, it’s only fitting then that Morrison’s approach takes the figure of the ultimate artist and places it into an alternative reality that can have only the most unpredictable future. As a matter of fact, drawing from science fiction subgenres such as steam-punk, Morrison recreates England under the ruling of Queen Victoria but adds advanced steam machinery, and all the technology derived from alternative energies. As a result, although firmly established in the late 19th century, this reality has been privy to major scientific breakthroughs.

What is most fascinating about the author’s proposal is mixing a world of futuristic technology while emphasizing Victorian idiosyncrasies. As a result, we have a rather sensible boy, Sebastian O, heir to a fortune that many would kill for, but living a life of torment and disappointment. For instance, his stepfather has one goal: “eradicating the lad’s effeminate tendencies”. Exiled from home at an early age because of those very tendencies, the child will have one too many adventures, until far from England he is “tutored in the ways of the Hasheesheen, a sect of all-male ecstatic killers”.

Sebastian O getting ready for some action / Sebastian O preparándose para la acción

Once he makes his triumphant return to London, he meets a group of seemingly immoral men, such as the teenaged homosexual poet Arnold Truro, the ambitious Lord Theo Lavender, the sexually devious novelist George Harkness and the Abbe who claims to have “devotion to underprivileged young men” when in true he indulges in pederasty. Together, they are the founders of the Club de Paradis Artificiel where this “jaded group of pomandered and frock-coated dandies imagine in Her stead a world of perfect, flawless artifice”.

an innocent victim / una víctima inocente

Why is it that the conception of art is so important for this clique? Because according to Nietzsche, Apollonian art is contrary to Dionysian art. Apollo’s realm is the world of will power and representation; of individuation and therefore finitude. By becoming an elegant assassin, always concerned with his physical appearance and aesthetic pursuits, Sebastian O defines himself as an individual that has nothing in common with mundane people. Apollo’s essence is the dreaming and the primordial yearning for appearance. Sebastian O is obsessed about his stylish finery, and this urgency reveals the implacable need for maintaining an appearance, an indelible façade that upholds the protagonist’s spirit. Aesthetically speaking, beauty is but an appearance that covers the horror; in this case, Sebastian O’s morbid desires and appalling opinions are perfectly hidden under his disguise of a civilized and graceful gentleman.

Sebastian O visits an old comrade / Sebastian O visita a un viejo camarada

Let’s remember also that Apollonian art follows certain parameters: simple lines, sobriety, clear architecture; all fundamental traits of a man of distinction. These elements have also inspired an artist like Steve Yeowell to look for simplicity, cleanliness and tidiness in his pages (Steve Yeowell had worked before with the author in their seminal series on 2000AD’s Zenith, a very different story about a super-powered teenager in the “real” world). Finally, art’s goal would be to transform existence into beauty; Sebastian O, a dashing young man, takes the concept of the dandy to its logical outcome: elegance is not a virtue but a duty; to have a refined taste is not optional but mandatory.

When sodomy charges are presented against Sebastian O, he ends up in jail (not unlike Oscar Wilde) and the Club de Paradis Artificiel is swiftly disbanded. But Sebastian O hasn’t trained as a mystic assassin in vain, and after months in prison, he escapes. Now, it’s his mission to seek revenge, if only to preserve his reputation. But what dishonorable tasks have his old friends been up to? What can be more scandalous than watching the Abbe still abusing children? As Sebastian O visits his old comrades, he finds transvestite allies as well as lesbian collaborators, but will that be enough to defeat the mysterious mercenaries that are ruthlessly chasing him?

Besides all this, a former member of the Club de Paradis Artificiel has been conspiring for years, and he now possesses the power to control Queen Victoria absolutely. With the entire Royal Army and Knights of the Crown against Sebastian O, what can the gifted dandy do? Perhaps, he can break down the barriers and taboos, and liberate himself and Britain through sex, or if that fails, through manslaughter.
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"El nombre de Sebastian O es el epítome de la perversidad en los elevados círculos de la élite de Londres" (de la Cronología de Sebastian O). ¿Pero cómo se definía la perversidad en la era victoriana? Después de todo, en ese entonces, casi todas las prácticas sexuales eran "perversidades". La moralidad de la época es sinónimo de represión sexual, e incluso Freud sugirió que la neurosis de la sociedad moderna era consecuencia de estas tradiciones rígidas y conservadoras.

No obstante, de acuerdo con Michel Foucault, el sexo fue exhaustivamente estudiado en la era victoriana, el sexo debía ser disciplinado. Previamente, no existían patologías sexuales... es durante estos años que cada práctica sexual es catalogada y luego considerada normal o anormal, y por ende, aberrante. Muchos sufrieron injustamente a causa de esta catalogación, incluyendo a Óscar Wilde, la inspiración detrás de Sebastian O, un personaje que es una metáfora de la sublimidad del arte.

Friedrich Nietzsche escribió que el arte debe guiarnos hacia el futuro, así es que tiene sentido que Morrison inserte al artista definitivo en una realidad alternativa que sólo puede tener el más impredecible futuro. De hecho, aprovechando subgéneros de la ciencia ficción como el steam-punk, Morrison recrea una Inglaterra bajo el reinado de la Reina Victoria pero añade maquinaria a vapor avanzada, y toda la tecnología que deriva de ello. Como resultado, aunque firmemente establecido en las postrimerías del siglo XIX, esta realidad ya ha conocido los mayores descubrimientos científicos.

Lo más fascinante de la propuesta del autor es mezclar un mundo de tecnología futurística con la idiosincrasia victoriana. Como resultado, Sebastian O, un chico bastante sensible vive atormentado y decepcionado, pese a ser el heredero de una fortuna envidiable. Así, su padrastro tiene una sola meta "erradicar las tendencias afeminadas del mozalbete". Exiliado a temprana edad, este niño tendrá demasiadas aventuras, hasta que lejos de su patria, será "adoctrinado en los caminos del Hasheesheen, una secta enteramente masculina de asesinos del éxtasis”.

Tras su triunfal regreso a Londres, conoce a un grupo de hombres aparentemente inmorales, como el poeta adolescente y homosexual Arnold Truro, el ambicioso Lord Theo Lavender, el novelista sexualmente desviado George Harkness y el Abad que jura tener “devoción a los jovencitos de escasos recursos” cuando la verdad es que es un pederasta. Juntos son los fundadores del Club de Paradis Artificiel, donde este “hastiado grupo de consentidos y bien vestidos dandis imaginan un mundo de perfecto e impecable artificio”.

¿Por qué la concepción del arte es tan importante para ellos? Porque, de acuerdo con Nietzsche, el arte apolíneo es lo opuesto al arte dionisíaco. El reino de Apolo es un mundo de la voluntad de poder y la representación, de la individuación y por tanto de la finitud. Al convertirse en un asesino elegante, siempre preocupado por su apariencia física y sus búsquedas estéticas, Sebastian O se define a sí mismo como un individuo completamente aislado del vulgo. La esencia de Apolo es el sueño y el ansia primordial por la apariencia. Sebastian O está obsesionada por sus lujosos trajes, y esta urgencia revela la necesidad implacable de mantener una apariencia, una fachada indeleble que sostiene al espíritu del protagonista. Estéticamente hablando, la belleza no es sino la apariencia que cubre el horror; en este caso, los mórbidos deseos y las terribles opiniones de Sebastian O se ocultan perfectamente bajo su disfraz de civilizado y gallardo caballero.

Recordemos también que el arte apolíneo sigue ciertos parámetros: líneas sencillas, sobriedad, arquitectura no recargada; todos aspectos fundamentales de un hombre de distinción. Estos elementos también han inspirado a un artista como Steve Yeowell para buscar sencillez, limpieza y orden en sus páginas (Steve Yeowell había trabajado con el autor en la influyente serie de 2000AD Zenith, una historia muy distinta sobre un adolescente con súper poderes en el mundo "real"). Finalmente, la meta del arte sería transformar la existencia en belleza; Sebastian O, un atractivo joven, lleva el concepto del dandi a su desenlace lógico: la elegancia no es una virtud sino un deber; el buen gusto no es opcional sino obligatorio.

Acusado de sodomía, Sebastian O termina en la cárcel (tal como ocurrió con Oscar Wilde) y el Club de Paradis Artificiel se desbanda rápidamente. Pero Sebastian O no se ha entrenado en vano como un asesino místico, y luego de meses de prisión, escapa. Ahora la venganza es su misión, aunque sea para preservar su reputación. ¿Pero qué actos deshonrosos han estado practicando sus viejos amigos? ¿Qué puede ser más escandaloso que ver al abad todavía abusando de los niños? Cuando Sebastian O visita a sus viejos camaradas, encuentra aliados travestis y colaboradoras lesbianas, pero ¿será eso suficiente para derrotar a los misteriosos mercenarios que lo persiguen?

Además de todo esto, un antiguo miembro del Club de Paradis Artificiel ha estado conspirando por años, y ahora posee el poder para controlar absolutamente a la Reina Victoria. Con la Armada Real y los Caballeros de la Corona en su contra, ¿que podrá hacer el dotado dandi? Tal vez aniquilar las barreras y tabúes, y liberarse a sí mismo y a Inglaterra a través del sexo o, en su defecto, del homicidio en masa.

Mysterious Skin (2004)

Directed by Gregg Araki

It all starts and ends with a little league’s pedophile coach and two kids: Neil and Brian, who unbeknownst to their parents are the victims of a sexual predator. But what is the authentic aftermath of this encounter between the man and the 8-year-old children?The repercussions of sexual abuse will affect greatly the lives of Neil and Brian, but in so many different ways that one could almost wonder if they shared the same experience. As a matter of fact, being sexually abused is such a traumatic event for Brian that he blocks it out of his mind unable to cope with the real, and he then proceeds to fill in the memory gaps with a fantasy of alien abduction. Recurring to such self-defense mechanisms is quite a normal psychological strategy, but it also mingles well with a recurring theme in Araki’s cinematography.

Neil, on the other hand, fills in the gashing void with an idealized image of the pedophile. After all, during an entire summer the two of them spend many nights together. Neil actually functions as an accomplice, helping the coach to lure in unsuspecting boys, thus creating a perverse bond between them. Perhaps one of the greatest accomplishes of the novel is to invert the roles, creating a pedophile that seems to be nicer and more caring than the boys’ parents, while at the same time embedding at least one of the victims with an attitude that one would find difficult to sympathize with. Araki’s film, of course, thrives because of that: the complexity between the characters relationships. This is not, after all, a lesson of morality. Here the coach leaves the town, with an untarnished reputation, and leaves behind Neil, a very obsessed boy who admits later that “it's a huge part of me. No one ever made me feel that way before or since [...] I was his one true love”.

Perversion seems to be the one predominant constant throughout Neil’s life, but as Lacan would define it, a perverse individual is the one who assumes the position of the object-instrument of the "will-to-enjoy" (volonté-de-jouissance), which is not his own will but that of the big Other. In this case, Neil accepts to serve as a garish tool of pleasure for the coach, and years later, as a teenage hustler, he has no quandaries when it is his turn to be the instrument of joy of the other (namely his clients). Emotionally detached from everyone, only a girl, a friend from childhood, remains as his one and true humane anchor. His mother, after all, has always been a carefree woman, constantly hooking up with men, and paying no attention to his son; that’s why when Neil is about to depart to New York, she looks at him and utters “my baby, all grown up”, not as a typical motherly affirmation but rather a discovery: time flew by, and she wasn’t there at all.

Brian’s dreams are a reminder that another boy was with him the night of the alien abduction, consequently the insecure boy starts the search for Neil, and learns of his whereabouts just after Neil has left for the big city. It is then that Neil’s friend, Eric, a very flamboyant gay kid, befriends him. Brian is quite a timid and introversive teenager, perhaps as a result of having a very dominant mother and an absent father (even before he abandons the family, he was only there to state how disappointed he was at his son). Eric describes him as "weirdly asexual" (even without knowing how Brian had violently rejected a UFO obsessed woman that intended to caress his penis); indeed, Brian is unable to reclaim sexuality for himself, and after having always lived in a world of his own he finds in Eric’s friendship everything he needs to break out of his shelf.

As a male prostitute, Neil finds the horror of the real in New York, and he will soon realize how dangerous his line of business can get. Back in town, Eric is preparing himself to let go of the one reality that has sustained and nurtured his psyche, but can he embrace the real if Neil tells him exactly what happened that fatidic night?  

Araki brilliantly depicts this honest, heart-wrenching and unruly story, taking advantage of the exceptional acting qualities of Joseph Gordon-Levitt (Neil), a daring and talented actor that has worked in many interesting independent films, such as Brick, The Lookout or Latter Days (a gay themed movie). This actor finds in Brady Corbet (Brian) the ideal partner; Corbet creates a subtle but fascinating character, completely different from his roles in Funny Games US or Thirteen, proving not only that he is a great actor but that he also knows how to choose the best directors to work with.

And that's why Mysterious Skin makes it into my top 100 films. I highly recommend it.

And by the way, I'm glad to see that every month my blog gets more visits. Cheers!
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Fiel a los principios de Coherencia, mi rechazo por la candidata a la presidencia prevaleció. Ni siquiera haber perdido casi dos mil dólares en la bolsa de valores de Lima logró disuadirme. Aunque, por supuesto, como decía Fernando De Szyszlo en relación al otro candidato, a ese tampoco le creo. 

Así que decidí hacer lo único sensato, o sea contribuir con las arcas fiscales. Con la multa evito la votación, y me ahorro esa sensación horrible de tener que elegir a un mal menor (y honestamente, nunca he tenido la línea Sartriana de Mario Vargas Llosa que le permite hacer justamente eso, elegir una de las dos opciones, a pesar de todo).

Las pérdidas también me han hecho ver que algunos ajustes son necesarios, al menos por ahora. Así, por ejemplo, he cancelado mis tarjetas de crédito, todas menos una. Así que adiós a tarjetas con límites de 5000 soles (como la del BBVA que siempre me sacó de apuros) y cosas por el estilo. Para bien o para mal, este domingo ha sido elegido el próximo mandatario del país.