Kick-Ass by Millar & Romita Jr.

Big Daddy & Hit Girl

But what other similitudes are shared by Kick-Ass and Watchmen? In a way, they both work as a parody to the superhero genre (just like Don Quixote was a parody to chivalric literature), although in a different manner. Contemporary philosopher Fredric Jameson stated that parody and pastiche were not synonyms. Postmodern world can be defined by pastiche and a historicity crisis. Parody would require a moral judgment or a comparison with societal normativity (here Don Quixote fits in nicely as parody); on the other hand, pastiche is prone to “collage and other forms of juxtaposition without a normative grounding”.

America winning the war against Vietnam is a milestone in Watchmen’s universe. And it all comes down to Jameson’s historicity. As it has been said, a crisis in historicity permeates our postmodern era: “there no longer does seem to be any organic relationship between the American history we learn from schoolbooks and the lived experience of the current, multinational, high-rise, stagflated city of the newspapers and of our own everyday life”. This is why everything in Watchmen feels so genuine, insofar as it rejects historicity (what we might have learned or not in textbooks). Kick-Ass, however, disregards the historicity crisis, and as a result it is a parody disguised as pastiche, which perhaps could explain why it caters to highly intellectualized readers as well as to the common audience.  

Red Mist

Another supporter of the pastiche would be Quentin Tarantino who, coincidentally, has created an aesthetic of violence that shares a few traits with Millar’s bloody battles and brutal fights. The filmmaker and the writer are incapable of producing gratuitous violence, they turn it instead into something of purely artistic value, which is by far one of the most difficult feats I could possibly imagine. Violent sequences are cannon in most of Millar’s works, and Kick-Ass is no exception. Perhaps the embodiment of this is Hit-Girl, a child that has been deprived of her childhood and forced to train every day of her young life. And at such a tender age she already is a force to be reckoned with. Her mentor is also her father, ‘Big Daddy’, a man that acts like Frank Castle AKA Punisher and has sworn to annihilate the mob. When Kick-Ass is saving a guy from being mugged, or rescuing a cat from a burning building, Big Daddy and Hit-Girl are taking down mobsters in a most brutal and bloodstained fashion.

Kick-Ass is a delightfully charming adolescent partly because of his verisimilitude and vulnerability, but mainly because of his goofiness and clumsiness which is contrasted by the efficiency and ruthlessness of Big Daddy and Hit-Girl. Dave is only human, and because of that he makes mistakes all the time and even though he can struggle in the streets he’s unable to get a date with Katie, the girl he likes. There are some hilarious moments in which Dave pretends to be gay just so he can get closer to the girl he loves. But it’s also this need for companionship that prevents him from realizing the true intentions of the Red Mist, another masked youngster.

comic book treasure / un tesoro en cómics

As I’ve said before, the pastiche relies on collages, which in this case can be seen as constant references of pop culture that the protagonists find either demeaning (famous ‘super stars’) or distinguished (here comic books exemplify grandiosity); such is the case of Whedon’s Astonishing X-Men or the first issues of some of the most pivotal Marvel titles (Amazing Fantasy, Fantastic Four, Avengers, Tales of Suspense, Journey into Mystery, etc.).

Millar’s success has helped him to get into Hollywood with ‘Wanted’ and now with Kick-Ass. I really enjoyed the filmic version, although I was a bit irked to find out that there were some unfortunate changes. Now I really don’t give a damn about how they made the suits or if the actors looked like the characters in the comic book, in my opinion those are nimieties. There are however certain points that are strongly conveyed in the comic book and that are either toned down or simply discarded for the big screen version, namely the true sadistic nature of Kick-Ass’s nemesis. Indeed, Red Mist admits that the very notion of torturing his opponent has sexually aroused him on many occasions.

But perhaps the greatest failure of the movie is the ending. Part of Millar’s strength lies in surprising us, and that’s what he does in the final pages of the 8th issue of the series: Dave plays his final gambit to win the heart of the girl he loves, but Katie simply repudiates him and humiliates him by sending him a picture of herself practicing a fellatio on a rather ‘big’ Afro-American male. Perhaps in one of the saddest and yet shocking pages I’ve ever read, Dave can’t help but to masturbate while looking at the picture and crying afterwards. Who could come up with a more demoralizing and yet formidable ending? The movie, of course, chooses a typical Hollywood ending… he gets the girl in the last minute. So, once again, I have no choice but to say that the source material is better than the cinematographic adaptation.
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Kick-Ass

¿Pero en qué más se parecen “Kick-Ass” y “Watchmen”? Ambos parodian el género súper-heroico (así como El Quijote parodia la narrativa caballeresca), aunque de modo distinto. El filósofo contemporáneo Fredric Jameson afirmó que parodia y pastiche no eran sinónimos. El pastiche y la crisis de historicidad pueden definir el mundo postmoderno. La parodia requiere un juicio moral y una comparación de la normatividad social (El Quijote es una parodia); por otro lado, el pastiche incluye "el collage y otras formas de yuxtaposición sin fundamentos normativos".

La victoria de Estados Unidos en Vietnam es fundamental en “Watchmen”. Allí entra la historicidad de James. Esta crisis de historicidad permea la era postmoderna: "no parece haber relación alguna entre la historia norteamericana que aprendemos en los libros escolares y la experiencia vivida en la actualidad [...]". Por ello todo en “Watchmen” parece tan genuino, porque rechaza la historicidad (lo que podríamos haber aprendido en los libros). “Kick-Ass”, no obstante, desdeña la crisis de historicidad, y como resultado es una parodia disfrazada de pastiche, lo que quizá podría explicar por qué apela a lectores más intelectuales y también al público común y corriente.

Otro seguidor del pastiche es Quentin Tarantino quien, por cierto, ha creado una estética de la violencia que comparte ciertos rasgos con las brutales escenas de Millar. El cineasta y el escritor son incapaces de producir violencia gratuita, más bien la convierten en algo con valor artístico (sin duda una de las proezas más difíciles). La violencia es parte del canon de Millar, y Kick-Ass no es la excepción. Hit-Girl es un ejemplo, una niña que no ha tenido infancia y que ha sido obligada a entrenar toda su vida. Su mentor es también su padre, 'Big Daddy', un hombre que como Frank Castle (Punisher) ha jurado exterminar a la mafia. Mientras Kick-Ass impide un asalto o rescata a un gato de un edificio en llamas, Big Daddy y Hit-Girl aniquilan mafiosos sangrientamente.

Kick-Ass es un adolescente encantador en buena medida por su vulnerabilidad, pero principalmente por su torpeza, que contrasta con la eficiencia y frialdad de Big Daddy y Hit-Girl. Dave es solamente humano, y por ello comete errores todo el tiempo; es capaz de luchar en las calles pero no puede acercarse a la chica que ama (divertidísimas las secuencias en las que finge ser gay para hacerse amigo de Katie). Esta necesidad por sentirse acompañado le impide descubrir las verdaderas intenciones de Red Mist, otro joven enmascarado.

the last humiliation / la última humillación

Como dije antes, el pastiche se apoya en los collages, que aquí no son otra cosa que referencias a la cultura pop, ya sea como algo degradante (estrellas súper famosas) o algo distinguido (cómics que ejemplifican la grandiosidad); ese es el caso de Astonishing X-Men de Whedon o de los primeros números de títulos clave de Marvel (Amazing Fantasy, Fantastic Four, Avengers, Tales of Suspense, Journey into Mystery, etc.).

El éxito de Millar se ha traducido en dos películas, 'Wanted' y ahora 'Kick-Ass'. Realmente disfruté la versión fílmica, aunque algunos de los cambios me molestaron. El estilo de los trajes o la similitud entre los actores y los personajes son nimiedades de las que no me preocupo. Pero los puntos más fuertes del cómic son atenuados o simplemente eliminados en la gran pantalla; por ejemplo, la naturaleza sádica del némesis de Kick-Ass… Red Mist admite que la sola noción de torturar a Dave le ha producido excitación sexual en varias ocasiones.

Pero tal vez el mayor fracaso de la película es el final. La fortaleza de Millar reside en la sorpresa, en lo que consigue con las páginas finales del octavo ejemplar: Dave hace un último intento de ganarse el corazón de Katie, pero la chica lo rechaza y lo humilla al enviarle una foto de ella misma succionándole el miembro a un afroamericano. Esta es una de las páginas más tristes e impactantes que he leído, Dave no puede evitar masturbarse mientras mira la foto, sólo para llorar después. ¿Quién podría idear un final tan desmoralizante y a la vez tan formidable? La película, desde luego, elige el típico final hollywoodense... él se queda con la chica. Así que, una vez más, tengo que decir que la adaptación cinematográfica no estuvo a la altura.